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How many types of pneumatic cylinder are there?

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How Many Types Pneumatic Cylinders There Are?

With the decades of development of the pneumatic technology, the engineers had created more than ten types of pneumatic cylinders. Now we introduce the most frequently-used pneumatic cylinder or pneumatic actuator.

What's the pneumatic cylinder?

The pneumatic cylinder, also was called as Air cylinder, pneumatic actuators ,air actuator and so on. They were widely used in the automation system, CNC machine ,food machinery,Textile machinery etc.

A typical pneumatic cylinder must include the vital important part, that’s the piston, the compressed air were injected and push the piston move forward,used to provide linear or rotary motion and force to automated systems.

For the normal cylinder, the piston is fixed with the rod , when the piston is pushed by the compressed air, the rod moving togetherly , it stretches out, or draw back to push a object,or draw back a object.

1.Profile & Tie-Rod Cylinders or Actuator

The most commonly standard cylinder in industrial automation system and are high performing, long lasting and with the requested viton seal are able to operate in high temperatures. They provide linear motion, and most of them are double acting.

Because these two cylinders are the most commonly used, we also call them “standard cylinders”. Most types standard cylinder have adjustable cushioning. The important characteristic is for the heavy duty work situation. This allows the heavy objects which pushed by the air cylinder will not cause damage to the cylinder or the equipment due to the inertia when it moves to the end of the stroke.

Bore size 32mm-160mm: Standard bore size, for normal loading application.

Bore size 160mm-320mm: Big bore size, for heavy loading application.

Tendem Cylinder: For heavy loading application, where there is long and narrow space.

2.Mini cylinder, Micro air cylinder

This kinds of cylinders are ideally suited to lighter duties and in lower force applications compared with standard cylinders, and are available as single acting or double acting.

Micro-Air Cylinders are ideal for small part positioning, clamping, and ejecting. They are the perfect choice for appplications where small bore, medium duty, repairable cylinders are preferred. And they are suitable for operations without externally applied lubrication.

Mini cylinder has the same structural features as standard cylinders, which are also composed of caps, piston and rod, cylinder barrels, and seals. Mini cylinders also function in two ways: double-acting or single-acting. Just their dimension is small.

3. Compact Cylinders or Actuator:

Compact cylinders have the same structural features as standard cylinders, which are composed of end caps, pistons, cylinder barrels, and seals. Piston rod cylinders function in two ways: double-acting and single-acting.

Double-acting cylinders use compressed air to power both the extend and the retract stroke (moving the rod back and forth). Just their dimension is smaller. Compared to ISO Profile cylinders, their dimension is reduced by 60%. But it can have the same bore and force output. Most of their stroke are not too long due to the space request. The original intention of this kind of cylinder is to reduce the space occupied. The reason of choosing this kind of cylinder is that the automation designer have to save space.

4. What's The Guided Cylinder

The guided cylinder is composed of a guide rod or slider parallel to the piston rod and the cylinder as a whole entirety, or a cylinder is composed of two parallel pistons and piston rods. In the double-piston rod cylinder, the heads of the two piston rods are mounted by a flange, which prevents the rotation of the piston and obtain double output force at the same time.

Tie-rod Cylinder with guide

This cylinder has high guiding accuracy, and can withstand large lateral loads and moment of force. It can be used to withdraw, lift and position the work piece on the conveyor line.

Compact Guided Cylinder

For the guide rod, normally there are two types rail bearings, one is the sliding bearing and ball shaft.

The sliding bearing type has good abrasion resistance and can withstand lateral load more than 2 times larger than that of the stopper cylinder. It is suitable for use as a stopper. The ball bearing type can make high-precision smooth movement, has a long life, and is suitable for moving and lifting work pieces on the conveyor belt.

5. What's the pneumatic slide cylinder or slide table cylinder

Slide cylinder refers to a cylinder with precise guiding, bracing and driving functions, also known as a guiding drive device. Generally, it integrates a standard cylinder and a guiding device, adopts a modular structure design, and uses a standard connecting plate to combine different types and specifications of sliding table into X-Y axis coordinates or X-Y-Z three-axis coordinate motion.

The sliding table cylinder is guided by a ball bearing, and a magnetic ring is installed on the piston, which could be inducted by the sensor switch. Normally set a hydraulic shock absorber at the end of the stroke to reduce the vibration.

It can be used as the body of the pneumatic manipulator, the driving device of the arm, the mechanical sliding table, etc.

6. Pneumatic rotary actuator or pneumatic rotary cylinder

The typical rotary cylinder is a device that converts a double-acting linear motion or a single acting linear motion to the rotary motion. It was called as pneumatic rotary actuator or rotary cylinder. But the vane type rotary cylinder is with different structure.

Vane type rotary cylinder - Heavy duty

Vane type rotary cylinder - normal purpose

Rack and pinion rotary actuator - heavy duty

Rack and pinion rotary actuator-normal purpose

Pneumatic rotary actuators are highly reliable, efficient and safe sources of motion control that use pressurized air to convert energy into rotary motion. They’re especially appropriate for the repeated opening and closing of valves and other industrial applications where the use of electricity may cause a fire or ignition hazard.

It effectively turns the valve into a remote-controlled valve from a centralized control point. Common valves, like butterfly or ball valves, only require ¼ of a circle to open/close. Therefore, the motion on the actuator is restricted for movement between 0 and 90-degrees. A common design of a pneumatic rotary actuator with a quarter turn.

7. What's the pneumatic gripper or pneumatic clamps?

It’s a type of grab device which the jaws or fingers were actuated by the pneumatic cylinder. The cylinder consists of a piston and rod moving inside a closed barrel, designed to move in a straight line to deliver linear motion power. And it is drived by compressed air. The jaws or fingers were assembled on the cylinder piston rod by rack and pinion or the lever structures. When the cylinder rod is pushed to contract or extend, the fingers are opened or clamped to grasp the object.

Heavy duty clamp cylinder

Multiple finger cylinder

Normal purpose finger cylinder

Rotary clamp cylinder

Where the pneumatic grippers were used ?

Normally were combined with a collaborative industrial robot arm,or mechanical arms topick up and hold objects and completed the transport task. Most time, it’s the automatekey processes, such as inspection, assembly, pick & place and packing finally.

They are positioned at the end of the arm and their abilities allow you to combine the strength of an arm with the dexterity of a hand. This combination opens up a huge range of possibilities for material handling with cobots, from stacking large boxes to handling tiny, delicate electronic components.

The Pneumatic gripper is a key component of modern manipulators. The air gripper has the following characteristics.
① All the structures are double acting, which can realize two-way grasping, automatic centering, and high repeat accuracy.
② The holding torque is constant.
③ Non-contact detection switches can be installed on both sides of the cylinder.
④There are various installation and connection methods.

8. Rodless Cylinder

What's The Rodless Cylinder ？

A rodless cylinder is a pneumatic device capable of moving a load in a linear path with compressed air. But the load moves directly with the piston through a link block that moves with the piston.

Applications

When the stroke of the cylinder is overlong, the use of a cylinder with a piston rod easily causes the piston rod to bend and deform. Therefore, a pistonless cylinder is often used to solve this problem. The occasions where travel and installation space are restricted; for example, pushing in and moving workpieces, opening and closing of mechanisms, lifting of objects, door control, and material conveyance.

Rodless Cylinder Fetures

They do not have the cylinder piston rods as ordinary cylinders, but use the pistons to directly or indirectly connect the internal actuators, and then the pistons perform directly or indirectly to realize linear motion of the objects.

Additional Accessory

Pneumatic solenoid valve: To control the flow of compressed air.
Pneumatic hose: To supply compressed air to ports, valves and other devices.

Tube fittings: To connect the air hose and rodless cylinder.

Speed controller: The controller will limit the air input , or output . Therefore control the motion speed of piston.

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